In other words, it is the ratio between mass m and volume v of a fluid. A fluid is a substance in which the constituent molecules are free to move relative to each other. Mcdonough departments of mechanical engineering and mathematics university of kentucky, lexington, ky 405060503 c 1987, 1990, 2002, 2004, 2009. A fluid is defined as a substance that cannot sustain a shearing stress. Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids either in motion fluid dynamics or at rest fluid statics. An understanding of these properties is essential for us to apply basic principles of.
The book is organized into several chapters which, as a traditional textbook, deals with a basic introduction to the fluid properties and concepts under construction. The focus of this work is on density which is a rheological property of the drilling fluid. Basics equations for fluid flow the continuity equation q v. Graphical plot of basic relations ii ii ii ii du tds pdv dn. It is the volume occupied by the unit mass of the fluid. Some basic dimensions such as mass m, length l, time t and temperature. The science of fluid power is concerned with the utilization of pressurized liquid or gas to transmit power, but we will be dealing exclusively with hydraulic fluids i. Fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes smartzworld. Specifications anodized aluminum profile frame that guarantees a good stability and resistance to the environment. Basic concepts of fluid mechanics gate mechanical notes.
The science of fluid power is concerned with the utilization of pressurized liquid or gas to transmit power, but we will be dealing exclusively with hydraulic fluids. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of doe nuclear facility fluid systems. First we discuss intensiveand extensive propertiesand define density and specific gravity. Download, ebooks, fluid mechanics, fluid mechanics ebook, fluid mechanics pdf, fluid mechanics rk bansal, fmhm, mechanical, objective questions on fluid mechanics ebook. Lecture 1 basic concepts and properties of fluids nptel. Of primary importance are bubblepoint pressure, solution gasoil ratio gor, and formation volume factor fvf. Ryen caenn specializes in the technology transfer for all aspects of drilling and completion fluids technologies. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 1 basic properties of fluids 2 main topics some characteristics of fluids dimensions and units analysis of fluid behaviors ideal gas law fluid properties compressibility of fluids vapor pressure surface tension. This paper presents basic properties of the magnetorheological fluids mr and their development inrecent years. If the fluids are at rest, the study of them is called fluid.
The effect of gravity is illustrated thr ough pr essur e on a vertical cylindrical column. A variety of still growing practical applications in mechanical devices. Calculate the capillary rise or drop in tubes due to. Pdf properties and application of magnetorheological fluids. Energy of a flowing fluid the internal energy u represents the microscopic energy of a nonflowing fluid per unit mass, whereas enthalpy h represents the microscopic energy of a flowing fluid per unit mass. The effect of drilling mud density on penetration rate. Principles of fluid mechanics stationary layer with zero velocity pressure, p 1 pressure, p 2 figure 41 fluid flow through a pipe a streamline is an imaginary line in a fluid, the tangent to which gives the direction of the flow velocity at that position, as shown in figure 42, where the distance between two streamlines is an.
Enthalpy p is the flow energy, also called the flow work, which is the energy per unit mass needed to move the fluid and maintain flow. Density is defined in terms of viscosity as dynamic viscositykinematic viscosity. Measurement of the viscosity of a fluid using a sphere viscometer the module consists of a series of elements to study the main properties of fluids separately. Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids.
Our body itself is mostly water, while what surrounds us is largely air which again is a fluid. Have a working knowledge of the basic properties of fluids and understand the continuum approximation. To achieve this objective, the manual is divided into two parts. Each of these will be defined and viewed briefly in terms of molecular concepts, and their dimensions will be examined in terms of mass, length, and time m, l, and t. Introduction to fluid mechanics the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the blood and other liquids that flow in our bodies demonstrate the close dependence of our lives on various fluids. Properties of fluids determine how fluids can be used in engineering and. Chapter 2 properties of fluids in this chapter we discuss a number of fundamental properties of. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics 3 scope of fluid mechanics knowledge and understanding of the basic principles and concepts of fluid mechanics are essential to analyze any system in which a fluid is the working medium. Intensive properties are those that are independent of the mass of a system, such as temperature, pressure, and density.
Important definitions of basic properties of fluids in fluid mechanics density, viscosity, temperature, pressure, specific volume. The air we breathe, the water we drink, and the blood and other liquids that flow in our bodies. Basic concepts of fluid mechanics gate mechanical notes 1. Unit i introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion pressure at a point, pascals law, hydrostatic law atmospheric, gauge and. Download citation basic properties of fluid flow the real fluids can be classified into newtonian and nonnewtonian fluids. Introduction fluid mechanics is the science that deals with the action of forces on fluids at rest as well as in motion. The calculation of reserves in an oil reservoir or the determination of its performance requires knowledge of the fluid s physical properties at elevated pressure and temperature.
Have a working knowledge of viscosity and the consequences of the frictional effects it causes in fluid flow. Classification of elements and periodicity in properties. Engineering students with the basic techniques of formulating, testing and analyzing the properties of drilling fluid and oil well cement, and second, to familiarize him with practical drilling and well control operations by means of a simulator. Three of these are, first, that the volume of gas with its large intermolecular spacing.
However, one of its most important uses in fluid mechanics is to specify both the volume and mass flow rate of a fluid. Basic properties of fluids fluid s are not strictly continuous media in the way that all the successors of euler and bernoulli have assumed, for they various simplifications, or models, of fluids have been devised since the last quarter of the 18th century to analyze fluid flow. He has worked in the industry for over 50 years, starting as a mud engineer in 1966, and for over 35 years as consultant to oil companies, fluid service companies and chemical manufacturers in the us and international drilling and production chemicals industry. To understand the different properties of fluids, we have to first understand what exactly is meant by the term fluids. This is followed by a discussion of the properties vapor pressure,energyand its various forms, the specific heatsof ideal gases and incompressible substances, and the coefficient of. Viscosity is an internal property of a fluid that offers resistance to flow. Volumetric properties of pure fluids this means that an equation of state exists relating pressure, molar or specific volume, and temperature for any pure homogeneous fluid in equilibrium states. Part 1 basic principles of fluid mechanics and physical.
Viscosity is defined as the property of fluid which offers resistance to the. Pressure difference depends on the vertical distance h between the points 1 and 2, mass density of the fluid. What volumetric fraction of the total volume does each fluid occupy. To accomplish this, the fluid should have adequate suspension properties to help ensure that cuttings and commercially added solids, such as barite weighing material, do. Physics notes class 11 chapter mechanical properties of fluids part 2 viscosity the property of a fluid by virtue of which an internal frictional force acts between its different layers which opposes their relative motion is called viscosity. The simplest equation of state is for an ideal gas, p v rt, a relation which has approximate validity for the low. Properties of fluids in this chapter, we discuss properties that are encountered in the analysis of fluid flow. Download, ebooks, fluid mechanics, fluid mechanics ebook, fluid mechanics pdf, fluid mechanics rk bansal, fmhm, mechanical, objective questions on fluid.
A basic introduction to rheology rheology and viscosity introduction rheometry refers to the experimental technique used to determine the rheological properties of materials. A fluid cannot resist a shear stress by a static deflection and it moves and deforms continuously as long as the shear stress is applied. All the properties of fluid are assigned with certain unit and dimension. Our mission is to provide a free, worldclass education to anyone, anywhere. The design of almost all means transportation requires application of fluid mechanics. Learn more about pressure, buoyant force, and flowing fluid so you can appreciate the sometimes invisible, but crucial, effect they have on us and the world around us. A basic introduction to rheology technology networks. Total mass, total vol ume v, and total momentum are some examples of extensive properties. These internal frictional force is called viscous force. The main purpose of this course is to give a survey on the theory of incompressible navierstokes equations. Concept of no slip condition, properties of fluids, mass density or specific mass, weight density or specific weight, specific volume.
Extensive propertiesare those whose values depend on the sizeor extentof the system. Classification of fluids ideal fluid real fluid non. Pressure and velocity the basic definition for velocity has been given previously. Viscosity increases the difficulty of the basic equations. This quantity depends on the gravitational force of the place where the fluid is kept. The velocity of fluid particle is maximum at the center of the pipe section. The water we drink, the air we breathe are all examples of fluids. There are three physical properties of fluids that are particularly important.
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